Separate and Unequal: Payne Divinity School

Bishop Payne Divinity School was founded by Virginia Theological Seminary in 1878 as a segregated seminary for black students in Petersburg, Virginia. Its first graduate was James S. Russell, who went on to found St. Paul’s Normal and Industrial School in nearby Lawrenceville. When the school was chartered by the State of Virginia in 1884, it was renamed in honor of the Rt. Rev. John Payne, the first Bishop of Liberia, as Bishop Payne Divinity and Industrial School. Enrollment decreased dramatically in the 1890s following several canonical actions by the church that marginalized its black congregations. The name was changed again in 1910 to Bishop Payne Divinity School, when the school was given the power to confer the degree of Bachelor of Divinity. Maintaining an adequate budget to operate and improve the school, and competing with white seminaries, which began to admit black students, were constant challenges that led to the school’s closing in 1949. Its assets were transferred in 1953 to the Virginia Theological Seminary for the purpose of recruiting and educating African American clergy. [Sources]